MLTDM: Machine-learning thermospheric density model
Published:
A random-forest model of storm-time atmospheric neutral density, published in Space Weather (2025) and released as an open, installable Python package with a worked example notebook.
Posts by Collection
portfolio
CONTIGO: satellite-derived atmospheric density from orbits
Published:
A modular framework that turns spacecraft orbit data into energy dissipation rates and effective atmospheric density, validated against the Orekit flight-dynamics library.
ml_fw: an ML toolkit for space-weather forecasting
Published:
Reusable building blocks for time-series ML in heliophysics: lagged features, tuning, diagnostics, and ARIMA-based perturbed-input ensembles for forecast uncertainty.
GMAG: ground magnetometer data and induced electric fields
Published:
An open-source package that downloads and loads data from several ground-magnetometer arrays into one pandas interface, now with tools to compute geoelectric fields for space-weather hazard work.
JB2008 in Python, ~11x faster
Published:
Vectorized and parallelized the Python port of the JB2008 empirical density model, cutting ~70,000 predictions from ~8 minutes to ~40 seconds.
STORM mission concept: what a global imager would see
Published:
Lead author of the target and science-visibility analysis for STORM, a proposed mission to image the whole magnetosphere at once.
Radiation belts, ULF waves, and radial diffusion
Published:
Over a decade of work on how geomagnetic storms energize and deplete Earth’s radiation belts, including a new operational-ready radial diffusion model.
Magnetosphere Online Seminar Series
Published:
An international online seminar series that kept the space physics community connected when conferences were cancelled during COVID-19.
dev-hub: AI coding agents across research repos
Published:
A lightweight ‘mission control’ repo that lets AI coding agents pick up maintenance tasks across my repositories and return reviewable pull requests.
publications
Ionospheric localisation and expansion of long-period Pi1 pulsations at substorm onset
Published in Geophysical Research Letters, 2008
Recommended citation: Milling, D. K., Rae, I. J., Mann, I. R., Murphy, K. R., Kale, A., Russell, C. T., et al. (2008). Ionospheric localisation and expansion of long-period Pi1 pulsations at substorm onset. Geophysical Research Letters, 35(17), 1-5.
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The Upgraded CARISMA Magnetometer Array in the THEMIS Era
Published in Space Science Reviews, 2008
Recommended citation: Mann, I. R., Milling, D. K., Rae, I. J., Ozeke, L. G., Kale, A., Kale, Z. C., et al. (2008). The Upgraded CARISMA Magnetometer Array in the THEMIS Era. Space Science Reviews, 141(1-4), 413-451.
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Timing and localization of ionospheric signatures associated with substorm expansion phase onset
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2009
Recommended citation: Rae, I. J., Mann, I. R., Murphy, K. R., Milling, D. K., Parent, A., Angelopoulos, V., et al. (2009). Timing and localization of ionospheric signatures associated with substorm expansion phase onset. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 114(1), 1-15.
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Wavelet-based ULF wave diagnosis of substorm expansion phase onset
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2009
Recommended citation: Murphy, K. R., Jonathan Rae, I., Mann, I. R., Milling, D. K., Watt, C. E. J., Ozeke, L., et al. (2009). Wavelet-based ULF wave diagnosis of substorm expansion phase onset. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 114(2), 1-15.
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THEMIS observation of a substorm event on 04:35, 22 February 2008
Published in Annales Geophysicae, 2009
Recommended citation: Liu, J., Angelopoulos, V., Frey, H., McFadden, J., Larson, D., Glassmeier, K., et al. (2009). THEMIS observation of a substorm event on 04:35, 22 February 2008. Annales Geophysicae, 27(5), 1831-1841.
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Ground-based Pc5 ULF wave power: Solar wind speed and MLT dependence
Published in Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2009
Recommended citation: Pahud, D. M., Rae, I. J., Mann, I. R., Murphy, K. R., & Amalraj, V. (2009). Ground-based Pc5 ULF wave power: Solar wind speed and MLT dependence. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 71(10-11), 1082-1092.
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Near-Earth initiation of a terrestrial substorm
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2009
Recommended citation: Rae, I. J., Mann, I. R., Angelopoulos, V., Murphy, K. R., Milling, D. K., Kale, A., et al. (2009). Near-Earth initiation of a terrestrial substorm. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 114(7), 1-9.
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Reply to comment by K. Liou and Y.-L. Zhang on Wavelet-based ULF wave diagnosis of substorm expansion phase onset
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2009
Recommended citation: Murphy, K. R., Rae, I. J., Mann, I. R., Walsh, A. P., Milling, D. K., Watt, C. E. J., et al. (2009). Reply to comment by K. Liou and Y.-L. Zhang on Wavelet-based ULF wave diagnosis of substorm expansion phase onset. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114(A10), A10207.
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Timing and localization of near-Earth tail and ionospheric signatures during a substorm onset
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2009
Recommended citation: Gabrielse, C., Angelopoulos, V., Runov, a., Frey, H. U., McFadden, J., Larson, D. E., et al. (2009). Timing and localization of near-Earth tail and ionospheric signatures during a substorm onset. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 114(1), 1-14.
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Optical characterization of the growth and spatial structure of a substorm onset arc
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2010
Recommended citation: Rae, I. J., Watt, C. E. J., Mann, I. R., Murphy, K. R., Samson, J. C., Kabin, K., & Angelopoulos, V. (2010). Optical characterization of the growth and spatial structure of a substorm onset arc. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 115(10), 1-10.
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Comprehensive ground-based and in situ observations of substorm expansion phase onset
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2010
Recommended citation: Walsh, A. P., Rae, I. J., Fazakerley, A. N., Murphy, K. R., Mann, I. R., Watt, C. E. J., et al. (2010). Comprehensive ground-based and in situ observations of substorm expansion phase onset. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 115(12), 1-15.
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On the nature of ULF wave power during nightside auroral activations and substorms: 1. Spatial distribution
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2011
Recommended citation: Murphy, K. R., Rae, I. J., Mann, I. R., & Milling, D. K. (2011). On the nature of ULF wave power during nightside auroral activations and substorms: 1. Spatial distribution. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 116(1), 1-12.
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On the nature of ULF wave power during nightside auroral activations and substorms: 2. Temporal evolution
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2011
Recommended citation: Rae, I. J., Murphy, K. R., Watt, C. E. J., & Mann, I. R. (2011). On the nature of ULF wave power during nightside auroral activations and substorms: 2. Temporal evolution. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 116(A5).
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The dependence of Pi2 waveforms on periodic velocity enhancements within bursty bulk flows
Published in Annales Geophysicae, 2011
Recommended citation: Murphy, K. R., Rae, I. J., Mann, I. R., Walsh, A. P., Milling, D. K., & Kale, A. (2011). The dependence of Pi2 waveforms on periodic velocity enhancements within bursty bulk flows. Annales Geophysicae, 29(3), 493-509.
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Dependence of ground-based Pc5 ULF wave power on F10.7 solar radio flux and solar cycle phase
Published in Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2011
Recommended citation: Murphy, K. R., Mann, I. R., Rae, I. J., & Milling, D. K. (2011). Dependence of ground-based Pc5 ULF wave power on F10.7 solar radio flux and solar cycle phase. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 73(11-12), 1500-1510.
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Ultralow-frequency modulation of whistler-mode wave growth
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2011
Recommended citation: Watt, C. E. J., Degeling, a. W., Rankin, R., Murphy, K. R., Rae, I. J., & Singer, H. J. (2011). Ultralow-frequency modulation of whistler-mode wave growth. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 116(10), 1-13.
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The Role of Ultralow Frequency Waves in Radiation Belt Dynamics
Published in Dynamics of the Earth's Radiation Belts and Inner Magnetosphere, 2012
Recommended citation: Mann, I. R., Murphy, K. R., Ozeke, L. G., Rae, I. J., Milling, D. K., Kale, A. A., & Honary, F. F. (2013). The Role of Ultralow Frequency Waves in Radiation Belt Dynamics. In Geophysical Monograph Series (Vol. 199, pp. 69-92).
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ULF wave-driven radial diffusion simulations of the outer radiation belt, in Dynamics of the Earth’s Radiation Belts and Inner Magnetosphere
Published in Dynamics of the Earth's Radiation Belts and Inner Magnetosphere, 2012
Recommended citation: Ozeke, L. G., Mann, I. R., Murphy, K. R., Rae, I. J., & Chan, A. A. (2013). ULF Wave-Driven Radial Diffusion Simulations of the Outer Radiation Belt. In Geophysical Monograph Series (Vol. 199, pp. 139-150).
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ULF wave derived radiation belt radial diffusion coefficients
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2012
Recommended citation: Ozeke, L. G., Mann, I. R., Murphy, K. R., Rae, I. J., Milling, D. K., Elkington, S. R., et al. (2012). ULF wave derived radiation belt radial diffusion coefficients. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 117(4), 1-16.
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Ground-based magnetometer determination of in situ Pc4-5 ULF electric field wave spectra as a function of solar wind speed
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2012
Recommended citation: Rae, I. J., Mann, I. R., Murphy, K. R., Ozeke, L. G., Milling, D. K., Chan, A. A., et al. (2012). Ground-based magnetometer determination of in situ Pc4-5 ULF electric field wave spectra as a function of solar wind speed. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 117(4), 1-17.
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Reduction in field-aligned currents preceding and local to auroral substorm onset
Published in Geophysical Research Letters, 2012
Recommended citation: Murphy, K. R., Mann, I. R., Rae, I. J., Waters, C. L., Anderson, B. J., Milling, D. K., et al. (2012). Reduction in field-aligned currents preceding and local to auroral substorm onset. Geophysical Research Letters, 39(15), 1-6.
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The correlation of ULF waves and auroral intensity before, during and after substorm expansion phase onset
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2012
Recommended citation: Rae, I. J., Watt, C. E. J., Murphy, K. R., Frey, H. U., Ozeke, L. G., Milling, D. K., & Mann, I. R. (2012). The correlation of ULF waves and auroral intensity before, during and after substorm expansion phase onset. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 117(8), 1-12.
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Magnetospheric convection and magnetopause shadowing effects in ULF wave-driven energetic electron transport
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2013
Recommended citation: Degeling, A. W., Rankin, R., Murphy, K., & Rae, I. J. (2013). Magnetospheric convection and magnetopause shadowing effects in ULF wave-driven energetic electron transport. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 118(6), 2919-2927.
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Comment on Formation of substorm Pi2: A coherent response to auroral streamers and currents by Y. Nishimura et al.
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2013
Recommended citation: Rae, I. J., Murphy, K. R., Miles, D. M., Watt, C. E. J., & Mann, I. R. (2013). Comment on Formation of substorm Pi2: A coherent response to auroral streamers and currents by Y. Nishimura et al. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 118(6), 3488-3496.
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The detailed spatial structure of field-aligned currents comprising the substorm current wedge
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2013
Recommended citation: Murphy, K. R., Mann, I. R., Rae, I. J., Waters, C. L., Frey, H. U., Kale, A., et al. (2013). The detailed spatial structure of field-aligned currents comprising the substorm current wedge. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 118(12), 7714-7727.
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In situ spatiotemporal measurements of the detailed azimuthal substructure of the substorm current wedge
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2014
Recommended citation: Forsyth, C., Fazakerley, A. N., Rae, I. J., Watt, C. E. J. J., Murphy, K., Wild, J. A., et al. (2014). In situ spatiotemporal measurements of the detailed azimuthal substructure of the substorm current wedge. Journal of Geophysical Research A: Space Physics, 119(2), 927-946.
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Spatial localization and ducting of EMIC waves: Van Allen Probes and ground-based observations
Published in Geophysical Research Letters, 2014
Recommended citation: Mann, I. R., Usanova, M. E., Murphy, K., Robertson, M. T., Milling, D. K., Kale, A., et al. (2014). Spatial localization and ducting of EMIC waves: Van Allen Probes and ground-based observations. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(3), 785-792.
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Automated determination of auroral breakup during the substorm expansion phase using all-sky imager data
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2014
Recommended citation: Murphy, K. R., Miles, D. M., Watt, C. E. J., Rae, I. J., Mann, I. R., & Frey, H. U. (2014). Automated determination of auroral breakup during the substorm expansion phase using all-sky imager data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 119(2), 1414-1427.
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Analytic expressions for ULF wave radiation belt radial diffusion coefficients
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2014
Recommended citation: Ozeke, L. G., Mann, I. R., Murphy, K. R., Jonathan Rae, I., & Milling, D. K. (2014). Analytic expressions for ULF wave radiation belt radial diffusion coefficients. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 119(3), 1587-1605.
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Field line resonances as a trigger and a tracer for substorm onset
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2014
Recommended citation: Rae, I. J., Murphy, K. R., Watt, C. E. J., Rostoker, G., Rankin, R., Mann, I. R., et al. (2014). Field line resonances as a trigger and a tracer for substorm onset. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 119(7), 5343-5363.
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ULF waves, ring current dynamics, wave particle interactions, Dst, radial diffusion
Published in Geophysical Research Letters, 2014
Recommended citation: Murphy, K. R., Mann, I. R., & Ozeke, L. G. (2014). A ULF wave driver of ring current energization. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(19), 6595-6602. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061253
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Modeling cross L shell impacts of magnetopause shadowing and ULF wave radial diffusion in the Van Allen belts
Published in Geophysical Research Letters, 2014
Recommended citation: Ozeke, L. G., Mann, I. R., Turner, D. L., Murphy, K. R., Degeling, A. W., Rae, I. J., & Milling, D. K. (2014). Modeling cross L shell impacts of magnetopause shadowing and ULF wave radial diffusion in the Van Allen belts. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(19), 6556-6562.
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Inner magnetospheric onset preceding reconnection and tail dynamics during substorms: Can substorms initiate in two different regions?
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2014
Recommended citation: Murphy, K. R., Mann, I. R., Rae, I. J., Walsh, A. P., & Frey, H. U. (2014). Inner magnetospheric onset preceding reconnection and tail dynamics during substorms: Can substorms initiate in two different regions? Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 119(12), 9684-9701.
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BARREL observations of an ICME-shock impact with the magnetosphere and the resultant radiation belt electron loss
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2015
Recommended citation: Halford, A. J., Mcgregor, S. L., Murphy, K. R., Millan, R. M., Hudson, M. K., Woodger, L. A., et al. (2015). BARREL observations of an ICME-shock impact with the magnetosphere and the resultant radiation belt electron loss.
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The CASSIOPE/e-POP Magnetic Field Instrument (MGF)
Published in Space Science Reviews, 2015
Recommended citation: Miles, D. M., Mann, I. R., Ciurzynski, M., Barona, D., Narod, B. B., Bennest, J. R., et al. (2016). A miniature, low-power scientific fluxgate magnetometer: A stepping-stone to cube-satellite constellation missions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 121(12), 11,839-11,860.
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The influence of solar wind variability on magnetospheric ULF wave power
Published in Annales Geophysicae, 2015
Recommended citation: Pokhotelov, D., Rae, I. J., Murphy, K. R., & Mann, I. R. (2015). The influence of solar wind variability on magnetospheric ULF wave power. Annales Geophysicae, 33(6), 697-701.
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Empirical modeling of 3-D force-balanced plasma and magnetic field structures during substorm growth phase
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2015
Recommended citation: Yue, C., Wang, C., Nishimura, Y., Murphy, K. R., Xing, X., Lyons, L., et al. (2015). Empirical modeling of 3-D force-balanced plasma and magnetic field structures during substorm growth phase. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 120(8), 6496-6513.
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Statistical characterization of the growth and spatial scales of the substorm onset arc
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2015
Recommended citation: Kalmoni, N. M. E., Rae, I. J., Watt, C. E. J., Murphy, K. R., Forsyth, C., & Owen, C. J. (2015). Statistical characterization of the growth and spatial scales of the substorm onset arc. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 120(10), 8503-8516.
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On the dependence of storm time ULF wave power on magnetopause location: Impacts for ULF wave radial diffusion
Published in Geophysical Research Letters, 2015
Recommended citation: Murphy, K. R., Mann, I. R., & Sibeck, D. G. (2015). On the dependence of storm-time ULF wave power on magnetopause location: Impacts for ULF wave radial diffusion. Geophysical Research Letters, 42(22), 9676-9684.
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What effect do substorms have on the content of the radiation belts?
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2016
Recommended citation: Forsyth, C., Rae, I. J., Murphy, K. R., Freeman, M. P., Huang, C. L., Spence, H. E., et al. (2016). What effect do substorms have on the content of the radiation belts? Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 121(7), 6292-6306.
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Accurately characterizing the importance of wave-particle interactions in radiation belt dynamics: The pitfalls of statistical wave representations
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2016
Recommended citation: Murphy, K. R., Mann, I. R., Rae, I. J., Sibeck, D. G., & Watt, C. E. J. (2016). Accurately characterizing the importance of wave-particle interactions in radiation belt dynamics: The pitfalls of statistical wave representations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 121(8), 7895-7899.
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Explaining the dynamics of the ultra-relativistic third Van Allen radiation belt
Published in Nature Physics, 2016
Recommended citation: Mann, I. R., Ozeke, L. G., Murphy, K. R., Claudepierre, S. G., Turner, D. L., Baker, D. N., et al. (2016). Explaining the dynamics of the ultra-relativistic third Van Allen radiation belt. Nature Physics, (June), 1-6.
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Effects of ULF wave power on relativistic radiation belt electrons: 8-9 October 2012 geomagnetic storm
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2016
Recommended citation: Pokhotelov, D., Rae, I. J., Murphy, K. R., & Mann, I. R. (2016). Effects of ULF wave power on relativistic radiation belt electrons: 8-9 October 2012 geomagnetic storm. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 121(12), 11,766-11,779.
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Statistical azimuthal structuring of the substorm onset arc: Implications for the onset mechanism
Published in Geophysical Research Letters, 2017
Recommended citation: Kalmoni, N. M. E., Rae, I. J., Murphy, K. R., Forsyth, C., Watt, C. E. J., & Owen, C. J. (2017). Statistical azimuthal structuring of the substorm onset arc: Implications for the onset mechanism. Geophysical Research Letters, 44(5), 2078-2087.
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Ultra-relativistic radiation belt extinction and ULF wave radial diffusion: Modeling the September 2014 extended dropout event
Published in Geophysical Research Letters, 2017
Recommended citation: Ozeke, L. G., Mann, I. R., Murphy, K. R., Sibeck, D. G., & Baker, D. N. (2017). Ultra-relativistic Radiation Belt Extinction and ULF Wave Radial Diffusion: Modeling the September 2014 Extended Dropout Event. Geophysical Research Letters, (September), 1-10.
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A comparison of small-scale magnetic fluctuations in the Region 1 and 2 field-aligned current systems
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2017
Recommended citation: Wu, J., Bryant, M. S., Ridley, C. G., Shen, Y., Yang, L., Clausen, L. B. N., et al. (2017). A comparison of small-scale magnetic fluctuations in the region 1 and 2 field-aligned current systems. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics.
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Comparative study of large-scale auroral signatures of substorms, steady magnetospheric convection events, and sawtooth events
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2017
Recommended citation: Walach, M. T., Milan, S. E., Murphy, K. R., Carter, J. A., Hubert, B. A., & Grocott, A. (2017). Comparative study of large-scale auroral signatures of substorms, steady magnetospheric convection events, and sawtooth events. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics.
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Tracking patchy pulsating aurora through all-sky images
Published in Annales Geophysicae, 2017
Recommended citation: Grono, E., Donovan, E., & Murphy, K. R. (2017). Tracking patchy pulsating aurora through all-sky images. Annales Geophysicae, 35(4), 777-784.
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An explanation of auroral intensification during the substorm expansion phase
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2017
Recommended citation: Yao, Z., Rae, I. J., Lui, A. T. Y., Murphy, K. R., Owen, C. J., Pu, Z. Y., et al. (2017). An explanation of auroral intensification during the substorm expansion phase. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 122(8).
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The parameterization of wave-particle interactions in the Outer Radiation Belt
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2017
Recommended citation: Watt, C. E. J., Rae, I. J., Murphy, K. R., Anekallu, C., Bentley, S. N., & Forsyth, C. (2017). The parameterization of wave-particle interactions in the Outer Radiation Belt. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 122(9), 9545-9551.
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Electron Drift Resonance in the MHD-Coupled Comprehensive Inner Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Model
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2017
Recommended citation: Komar, C. M., Glocer, A., Hartinger, M. D., Murphy, K. R., Fok, M.-C., & Kang, S.-B. (2017). Electron Drift Resonance in the MHD-Coupled Comprehensive Inner Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Model. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 122(12).
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Using ultra-low frequency waves and their characteristics to diagnose key physics of substorm onset
Published in Geoscience Letters, 2017
Recommended citation: Rae, I. J., Murphy, K. R., Watt, C. E. J., Mann, I. R., Yao, Z., Kalmoni, N. M. E., et al. (2017, December 1). Using ultra-low frequency waves and their characteristics to diagnose key physics of substorm onset. Geoscience Letters. SpringerOpen.
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Diagnosing the Role of Alfven Waves in Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling: Swarm Observations of Large Amplitude Nonstationary Magnetic Perturbations During an Interval of Northward IMF
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2018
Recommended citation: Pakhotin, I. P., Mann, I. R., Lysak, R. L., Knudsen, D. J., Gjerloev, J. W., Rae, I. J., et al. (2018). Diagnosing the Role of Alfvén Waves in Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling: Swarm Observations of Large Amplitude Nonstationary Magnetic Perturbations During an Interval of Northward IMF. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 123(1).
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Reply to The dynamics of Van Allen belts revisited
Published in Nature Physics, 2018
Recommended citation: Mann, I. R., Ozeke, L. G., Morley, S. K., Murphy, K. R., Claudepierre, S. G., Turner, D. L., et al. (2018). Reply to The dynamics of Van Allen belts revisited. Nature Physics, 14(2).
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The Role of Localized Compressional Ultra-low Frequency Waves in Energetic Electron Precipitation
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2018
Recommended citation: Jonathan Rae, I., Murphy, K. R., Watt, C. E. J., Halford, A. J., Mann, I. R., Ozeke, L. G., et al. (2018). The Role of Localized Compressional Ultra-low Frequency Waves in Energetic Electron Precipitation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 123(3), 1900-1914.
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The Global Statistical Response of the Outer Radiation Belt During Geomagnetic Storms
Published in Geophysical Research Letters, 2018
Recommended citation: Murphy, K. R., Watt, C. E. J., Mann, I. R., Jonathan Rae, I., Sibeck, D. G., Boyd, A. J., et al. (2018). The Global Statistical Response of the Outer Radiation Belt During Geomagnetic Storms. Geophysical Research Letters, 45(9), 3783-3792.
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Explaining the apparent impenetrable barrier to ultra-relativistic electrons in the outer Van Allen belt
Published in Nature Communications, 2018
Recommended citation: Ozeke, L. G., Mann, I. R., Murphy, K. R., Degeling, A. W., Claudepierre, S. G., & Spence, H. E. (2018). Explaining the apparent impenetrable barrier to ultra-relativistic electrons in the outer Van Allen belt. Nature Communications, 9(1), 1844.
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Ion Injection Triggered EMIC Waves in the Earth’s Magnetosphere
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2018
Recommended citation: Remya, B., Sibeck, D. G., Halford, A. J., Murphy, K. R., Reeves, G. D., Singer, H. J., et al. (2018). Ion Injection Triggered EMIC Waves in the Earth's Magnetosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 123(6).
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Determining the Mode, Frequency, and Azimuthal Wave Number of ULF Waves During a HSS and Moderate Geomagnetic Storm
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2018
Recommended citation: Murphy, K. R., Inglis, A. R., Sibeck, D. G., Rae, I. J., Watt, C. E. J., Silveira, M., et al. (2018). Determining the Mode, Frequency, and Azimuthal Wave Number of ULF Waves During a HSS and Moderate Geomagnetic Storm. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 123(8).
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Long-Lasting Poloidal ULF Waves Observed by Multiple Satellites and High-Latitude SuperDARN Radars
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2018
Recommended citation: Shi, X., Baker, J. B. H., Ruohoniemi, J. M., Hartinger, M. D., Murphy, K. R., Rodriguez, J. V., et al. (2018). Long-Lasting Poloidal ULF Waves Observed by Multiple Satellites and High-Latitude SuperDARN Radars. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 123(10).
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A diagnosis of the plasma waves responsible for the explosive energy release of substorm onset
Published in Nature Communications, 2018
Recommended citation: Kalmoni, N. M. E., Rae, I. J., Watt, C. E. J., Murphy, K. R., Samara, M., Michell, R. G., et al. (2018). A diagnosis of the plasma waves responsible for the explosive energy release of substorm onset. Nature Communications, 9(1), 4806.
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The Large Scale Structure and Dynamics of the Magnetosphere, in Magnetospheres in the solar system
Published in Magnetospheres in the solar system Wiley, 2019
Recommended citation: Sibeck, D.G. and Murphy, K.R. (2021). Large-Scale Structure and Dynamics of the Magnetosphere. In Magnetospheres in the Solar System (eds R. Maggiolo, N. André, H. Hasegawa, D.T. Welling, Y. Zhang and L.J. Paxton).
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The March 2015 Superstorm Revisited: Phase Space Density Profiles and Fast ULF Wave Diffusive Transport
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2019
Recommended citation: Ozeke, L. G., Mann, I. R., Claudepierre, S. G., Henderson, M., Morley, S. K., Murphy, K. R., et al. (2019). The March 2015 Superstorm Revisited: Phase Space Density Profiles and Fast ULF Wave Diffusive Transport. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 124(2).
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Capturing Uncertainty in Magnetospheric Ultralow Frequency Wave Models
Published in Space Weather, 2019
Recommended citation: Bentley, S. N., Watt, C. E. J., Rae, I. J., Owens, M. J., Murphy, K., Lockwood, M., & Sandhu, J. K. (2019). Capturing Uncertainty in Magnetospheric Ultralow Frequency Wave Models. Space Weather, 17(4), 599-618.
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Substorm-Ring Current Coupling: A Comparison of Isolated and Compound Substorms
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2019
Recommended citation: Sandhu, J. K., Rae, I. J., Freeman, M. P., Gkioulidou, M., Forsyth, C., Reeves, G. D., et al. (2019). Substorm-Ring Current Coupling: A Comparison of Isolated and Compound Substorms. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 124(8), 6776-6791.
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How Do Ultra-Low Frequency Waves Access the Inner Magnetosphere During Geomagnetic Storms?
Published in Geophysical Research Letters, 2019
Recommended citation: Rae, I. J., Murphy, K. R., Watt, C. E. J., Sandhu, J. K., Georgiou, M., Degeling, A. W., et al. (2019). How do Ultra-Low Frequency waves access the inner magnetosphere during geomagnetic storms? Geophysical Research Letters, 699-709.
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Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling and Ionospheric Dynamics during Storms and Substorms: Role of Alfven Waves
Published in Geomagnetism, aeronomy and space weather , 2019
Recommended citation: Mann, I. R. , Pakhotin, I. P. , Rae, I. J. , Murphy, K. R. , Ozeke, L. G., Knudsen, D. J., Kale, A., and Milling, D. K. (2019). Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling and Ionospheric Dynamics during Storms and Substorms: Role of Alfven Waves in Mandea, M., Korte, M., Yau, A., & Petrovsky, E. (Eds.), pages 229-250. Geomagnetism, aeronomy and space weather : A journey from the earth's core to the sun.
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Ultra-Low-Frequency Wave-Particle Interactions
Published in Geomagnetism, aeronomy and space weather , 2019
Recommended citation: Mann, I. R., Ozeke, L. G., Degeling, A., Murphy, K. R., and Rankin, R. (2019). Ultra-Low-Frequency Wave-Particle Interactions in Mandea, M., Korte, M., Yau, A., & Petrovsky, E. (Eds.), pages 190-194. Geomagnetism, aeronomy and space weather : A journey from the earth's core to the sun.
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Rapid Outer Radiation Belt Flux Dropouts and Fast Acceleration During the March 2015 and 2013 Storms: The Role of Ultra-Low Frequency Wave Transport From a Dynamic Outer Boundary
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2020
Recommended citation: Ozeke, L. G., Mann, I. R., Olifer, L., Dufresne, K. Y., Morley, S. K., Claudepierre, S. G., et al. (2020). Rapid Outer Radiation Belt Flux Dropouts and Fast Acceleration During the March 2015 and 2013 Storms: The Role of Ultra-Low Frequency Wave Transport From a Dynamic Outer Boundary. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 125(2).
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On the Magnetospheric ULF Wave Counterpart of Substorm Onset
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2020
Recommended citation: Smith, A. W., Rae, I. J., Forsyth, C., Watt, C. E. J., & Murphy, K. R. (2020). On the Magnetospheric ULF Wave Counterpart of Substorm Onset. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 125(4).
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Do Statistical Models Capture the Dynamics of the Magnetopause During Sudden Magnetospheric Compressions?
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2020
Recommended citation: Staples, F. A., Rae, I. J., Forsyth, C., Smith, A. R. A., Murphy, K. R., Raymer, K. M., et al. (2020). Do Statistical Models Capture the Dynamics of the Magnetopause During Sudden Magnetospheric Compressions? Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 125(4).
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A Framework for Understanding and Quantifying the Loss and Acceleration of Relativistic Electrons in the Outer Radiation Belt During Geomagnetic Storms
Published in Space Weather, 2020
Recommended citation: Murphy, K. R., Mann, I. R., Sibeck, D. G., Rae, I. J., Watt, C. E. J., Ozeke, L. G., et al. (2020). A Framework for Understanding and Quantifying the Loss and Acceleration of Relativistic Electrons in the Outer Radiation Belt During Geomagnetic Storms. Space Weather, 18(5).
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Inner Magnetospheric ULF Waves: The Occurrence and Distribution of Broadband and Discrete Wave Activity
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2020
Recommended citation: Murphy, K. R., Inglis, A. R., Sibeck, D. G., Watt, C. E. J., & Rae, I. J. (2020). Inner magnetospheric ULF waves: The occurrence and distribution of broadband and discrete wave activity. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 125, e2020JA027887.
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Driving of Outer Belt Electron Loss by Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Structures: Analysis of Balloon and Satellite Data
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2020
Recommended citation: Breneman, A. W., Halford, A. J., Millan, R. M., Woodger, L. A., Zhang, X.-J., Sandhu, J. K., et al. (2020). Driving of outer belt electron loss by solar wind dynamic pressure structures: Analysis of balloon and satellite data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 125, e2020JA028097.
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Diagnosing the Time-Dependent Nature of Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling via ULF Waves at Substorm Onset
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2020
Recommended citation: Smith, A. W., Rae, I. J., Forsyth, C., Watt, C. E. J., Murphy, K. R., & Mann, I. R. (2020). Diagnosing the time-dependent nature of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling via ULF waves at substorm onset. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 125, e2020JA028573.
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The Roles of the Magnetopause and Plasmapause in Storm-Time ULF Wave Power Enhancements
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2021
Recommended citation: Sandhu, J. K., Rae, I. J., Staples, F. A., Hartley, D. P., Walach, M.-T., Elsden, T., & Murphy, K. R. (2021). The roles of the magnetopause and plasmapause in storm-time ULF wave power enhancements. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 126, e2021JA029337.
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Association of Auroral Streamers and Bursty Bulk Flows during Different States of the Magnetotail: A Case Study
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2021
Recommended citation: Ferdousi B., J. Reader, E. Zesta, W. Cramer, K. Murphy, Association of Auroral Streamers and Bursty Bulk Flows during Different States of the Magnetotail: A Case Study, J. Geophys. Res., accepted.
Association of Auroral Streamers and Bursty Bulk Flows during Different States of the Magnetotail: A Case Study
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2021
Recommended citation: Shumko et al. 2021, On the Unexpected Correlation Between Relativistic1Electron Microbursts and Patchy Pulsating Aurora, Geophys. Res. Lett., accepted.
A Strong Correlation Between Relativistic Electron Microbursts and Patchy Aurora
Published in Geophysical Research Letters, 2021
Recommended citation: Shumko et al. 2021, On the Unexpected Correlation Between Relativistic1Electron Microbursts and Patchy Pulsating Aurora, Geophys. Res. Lett., accepted.
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Association of Auroral Streamers and Bursty Bulk Flows during Different States of the Magnetotail: A Case Study
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2021
Recommended citation: Ferdousi B., J. Reader, E. Zesta, W. Cramer, K. Murphy, Association of Auroral Streamers and Bursty Bulk Flows during Different States of the Magnetotail: A Case Study, J. Geophys. Res., accepted.
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Can Earth’s Magnetotail Plasma Sheet Produce a Source of Relativistic Electrons for the Radiation Belts?
Published in Geophysical Research Letters, 2021
Recommended citation: Turner, D. L., Cohen, I. J., Michael, A., Sorathia, K., Merkin, S., Mauk, B. H., et al. (2021). Can Earth's magnetotail plasma sheet produce a source of relativistic electrons for the radiation belts? Geophysical Research Letters, 48, e2021GL095495. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095495
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Imaging the magnetosphere-ionosphere system with ground-based and in-situ magnetometers
Published in Magnetospheric Imaging, 2022
Recommended citation: Murphy, K. R., Bentley, S. N., Miles, D., Sandhu, J. K., & Smith, A. (2022). Imaging the magnetosphere-ionosphere system with ground-based and in-situ magnetometers. In Y. Collado-Vega, D. Gallagher, H. Frey, & S. Wing (Eds.), Magnetospheric Imaging: Understanding the Space Environment through Global Measurements (pp. 287-340). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820630-0.00002-7
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Resolving Magnetopause Shadowing Using Multimission Measurements of Phase Space Density
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2022
Recommended citation: Staples, F. A., Kellerman, A., Murphy, K. R., Rae, I. J., Sandhu, J. K., & Forsyth, C. (2022). Resolving magnetopause shadowing using multimission measurements of phase space density. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 127, e2021JA029298. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029298
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Statistical Comparison of Electron Loss and Enhancement in the Outer Radiation Belt During Storms
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2022
Recommended citation: Walton, S. D., Forsyth, C., Rae, I. J., Meredith, N. P., Sandhu, J. K., Walach, M.-T., & Murphy, K. R. (2022). Statistical comparison of electron loss and enhancement in the outer radiation belt during storms. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 127, e2021JA030069. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA030069
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Proton aurora and relativistic electron microbursts scattered by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves
Published in Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, 2022
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What are the fundamental modes of energy transfer and partitioning in the coupled Magnetosphere-Ionosphere system?
Published in Experimental Astronomy, 2022
Recommended citation: Rae, J., Forsyth, C., Dunlop, M. et al. What are the fundamental modes of energy transfer and partitioning in the coupled Magnetosphere-Ionosphere system?. Exp Astron 54, 391–426 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-022-09861-w
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AuroraX, PyAuroraX, and aurora-asi-lib: A user-friendly auroral all-sky imager analysis framework
Published in Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, 2022
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Temporal variability of quasi-linear pitch-angle diffusion
Published in Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, 2022
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GMAG: An open-source Python package for ground-based magnetometer
Published in Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, 2022
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Superposed epoch analysis using time-normalization: A Python tool for statistical event analysis
Published in Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, 2022
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Statistical Characterization of the Dynamic Near-Earth Plasma Sheet Relative to Ultra-Low Frequency (ULF) Wave Growth at Substorm Onset
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2023
Recommended citation: Smith, A. W., Rae, I. J., Forsyth, C., Watt, C. E. J., & Murphy, K. R. (2023). Statistical characterization of the dynamic near-Earth plasma sheet relative to Ultra-Low Frequency (ULF) wave growth at substorm onset. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 128, e2022JA030491. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA030491
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Quantifying the global solar wind-magnetosphere interaction with the Solar-Terrestrial Observer for the Response of the Magnetosphere (STORM) mission concept
Published in Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, 2023
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A New Four-Component L*-dependent Model for Radial Diffusion based on Solar Wind and Magnetospheric Drivers of ULF Waves
Published in Space Weather, 2023
Recommended citation: Murphy, K. R., Sandhu, J., Rae, I. J., Daggitt, T., Glauert, S., Horne, R. B., et al. (2023). A new four-component L*-dependent model for radial diffusion based on solar wind and magnetospheric drivers of ULF waves. Space Weather, 21, e2023SW003440. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023SW003440
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Understanding quiet and storm time EMIC waves – Van Allen Probes Results
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2023
Recommended citation: Remya, B., Halford, A. J., Sibeck, D. G., Murphy, K. R., & Fok, M.-C. (2023). Understanding quiet and storm time EMIC waves—Van Allen Probes results. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 128, e2023JA031712. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA031712
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Imaging the End-to-End Dynamics of the Global Solar Wind-Magnetosphere Interaction
Published in Bulletin of the AAS, 2023
Recommended citation: Sibeck, D., Murphy, K., Porter, F. S., Walsh, B., Connor, H., Kuntz, K., … Henderson, M. (2023). Imaging the End-to-End Dynamics of the Global Solar Wind-Magnetosphere Interaction. Bulletin of the AAS, 55(3). https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.9b87eed9
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Beyond AMPERE-NEXT: Envisioning the Next System of Global High-Latitude Electrodynamics
Published in Bulletin of the AAS, 2023
Recommended citation: Vines, S., Anderson, B., Waters, C. L., Allen, R. C., Maute, A., Kunduri, B., … Gang, L. (2023). Beyond AMPERE-NEXT: Envisioning the Next System of Global High-Latitude Electrodynamics. Bulletin of the AAS, 55(3). https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.76348bf9
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Intense Energetic Electron Precipitation Caused by the Self-Limiting of Space Radiation
Published in Geophysical Research Letters, 2023
Recommended citation: Olifer, L., Mann, I. R., Ozeke, L. G., Walton, S. D., Breneman, A. W., & Murphy, K. (2023). Intense energetic electron precipitation caused by the self-limiting of space radiation. Geophysical Research Letters, 50, e2023GL105392. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL105392
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The Response of Electron Pitch Angle Distributions to the Upper Limit on Stably Trapped Particles
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2023
Recommended citation: Walton, S. D., Mann, I. R., Olifer, L., Ozeke, L. G., Forsyth, C., Rae, I. J., et al. (2023). The response of electron pitch angle distributions to the upper limit on stably trapped particles. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 128, e2023JA031988. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA031988
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Van Allen Probes Observations of a Three-Dimensional Field Line Resonance at a Plasmaspheric Plume
Published in Geophysical Research Letters, 2023
Recommended citation: Sandhu, J. K., Degeling, A. W., Elsden, T., Murphy, K. R., Rae, I. J., Wright, A. N., et al. (2023). Van Allen Probes observations of a three-dimensional field line resonance at a plasmaspheric plume. Geophysical Research Letters, 50, e2023GL106715. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL106715
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Extreme Birkeland Currents Are More Likely During Geomagnetic Storms on the Dayside of the Earth
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2023
Recommended citation: Coxon, J. C., Chisham, G., Freeman, M. P., Forsyth, C., Walach, M.-T., Murphy, K. R., et al. (2023). Extreme Birkeland currents are more likely during geomagnetic storms on the dayside of the Earth. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 128, e2023JA031946. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA031946
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Persistent pitch angle anisotropies of relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belts
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2023
Recommended citation: Greeley, A. D., Kanekal, S. G., Schiller, Q., Blum, L., Halford, A., Murphy, K., et al. (2024). Persistent pitch angle anisotropies of relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belts. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 129, e2023JA031549. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA031549
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A Feasibility Study of 4-D Tomography of Soft X-ray Magnetosheath Emissivities Using Multi-Spacecraft Measurements
Published in Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, 2024
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A survey of EMIC waves in Van Allen Probe data
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2024
Recommended citation: Inglis, A. R., Murphy, K. R., & Halford, A. (2024). A Survey of EMIC waves in Van Allen Probe data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 129, e2024JA032666. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA032666
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Target and Science Visibility of the Solar-Terrestrial Observer for the Response of the Magnetosphere (STORM) Global Imaging Mission Concept
Published in Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, 2024
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Derivations of the Total Radiation Belt Electron Content
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2024
Recommended citation: Pitzel, J. C., Cully, C. M., Ripoll, J.-F., Loridan, V., Huang, C.-L., Spence, H. E., et al. (2024). Derivations of the total radiation belt electron content. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 129, e2024JA032940. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA032940
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Diamond Experiment In the MagnetOSphere (DEIMOS): a Collisionless Shocks and Solar Wind Mission Concept for the Lunar Gateway
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2024
Recommended citation: Shonibare, T., Murphy, K. R., & Pakhotin, I. P. (2024). Diamond experiment in the magnetosphere (DEIMOS): A collisionless shocks and solar wind mission concept for the Lunar Gateway. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 129, e2024JA032728. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA032728
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Understanding and Modeling the Dynamics of Storm-Time Atmospheric Neutral Density Using Random Forests
Published in Space Weather, 2025
Recommended citation: Murphy, K., Halford, A. J., Liu, V., Klenzing, J., Smith, J., Garcia-Sage, K., et al. (2025). Understanding and modeling the dynamics of storm-time atmospheric neutral density using random forests. Space Weather, 23, e2024SW003928. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024SW003928
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Quantifying the Effects of Solar Wind Fluctuations on the Solar Wind-Magnetosphere Interaction
Published in Geophysical Research Letters, 2025
Recommended citation: Sibeck, D. G., & Murphy, K. R. (2025). Quantifying the effects of solar wind fluctuations on the solar wind-magnetosphere interaction. Geophysical Research Letters, 52, e2025GL114954. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL114954
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